Entertainment, Theater, and Music Vocabulary

The words below are some of the most important used when talking about entertainment. English learners can use this vocabulary to discuss  theater, opera, music, and art. Entertainment - People actoractressartistaudiencebacking groupballerinachoreographercastcomposerconductordancerdirectordrummerguitarist (lead / bass)magicianmusicianorchestrapainterpianistplaywrightproducersaxophonistsculptorsingervocalistviolinist Entertainment - Arts and Crafts carvingdrawingknittingpaintingpotterysculpturesewing Entertainment - Artistic Events balletconcertexhibitionfilmplayopera Entertainment - Inside the Theater aisleboxcirclecurtainfootlightgallerylightingmicrophoneorchestra pitrowscreenscenerysetspeakerstagestallswingsworkshop Entertainment - Places art gallerycinemaconcert hallexhibition centermuseumopera housestadiumtheater Entertainment - Verbs applaudbooconductexhibitperformplay (a part) More Themed Vocabulary The BodyClothesEducationEnvironmentFamilyFoodHealthJobsMoneyPeopleSportsTravelThe Weather

The Making Of Evil - 1251 Words

Lauren Mlouhi Ms. Herrera English AP (7) 13 December 2015 The Making of Evil The conception of evil is an inevitable topic that has been argued for centuries and will be for more to come. But what is immorality? Friedriche Nietzche believed that turpitude is solely dependent on one’s own personal perception and is stimulated by one’s desires. In British Literature we are commonly introduced to characters that have developed from foulness as an outcome of obtaining what they want. According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, â€Å"man is naturally good† (Notes); Humans have no darkness within themselves in their natural state, but are corrupted by depravity in the world (Notes). Evil is obviously prevalent throughout society, as a result human beings derive malevolent traits throughout their life based on their experiences and circumstance. Hobbes advocated the pessimistic viewpoint on human nature and attributed moral vileness with humans’ primitive instincts. The characters of Macbeth, Grendel, and the Dragon support the different theories of Nietzche, Rousseau, and Hobbes by describing the nature of turpitude and the motives behind its foundation. Desires motivate humans to commit sinful acts. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Macbeth desired power and eventually did anything necessary in order to obtain it. Macbeth’s motive supports Nietzche’s theory that vileness is created by what one strives for; if Macbeth was not power hungry he would have never committed the murder of King Duncan.Show MoreRelatedJ.R.R Tolkien Believed Fairy Tales were Corrupted by Making Them Childlike and Evil944 Words   |  4 Pagesfilled with magical adventure. Cinderella, Sleeping beauty, and Snow white have become classics in every household. However, J.R.R. Tolkien described in his essay â€Å"On Fairy Stories† that the world has corrupted fairy tales by making them childlike and denoting them to evil. Our culture prescribed fairies to be diminutive, supernatural creatures; however, fairies are neither small nor necessarily supernatural. A fairy is a direct product of Faerie, which is â€Å"the realm or state in which fairi es haveRead More God And The Problem Of Evil Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesProblem Of Evil Everyday it is possible to read a newspaper, or turn on TV or radio news and learn about evil going on in our world. Banks are robbed, cars are stolen, violent murders and rapes are committed. Somewhere in the world the aftershock of an earthquake is being felt. Cancer is killing millions of people each year, while other debilitating conditions continue to affect many with no cure to end their suffering. President Bush said that our country is fighting a war against evil. We allRead MoreA comparison of Augustinian Theodicy and Irenaean Theodicy1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe problem of evil is a significant and enduring philosophical and theological debate. A question is often raised and discussed: if God is both all-loving and all-powerful, then how can evils-including natural evil and moral evil---exist in our world? In response to the charge that the evils of the world are incompatible with Gods omnipotence and perfect goodness, the wordtheodicy is coined to deal with the problem o f evil. Usually it is an attempt to show that it is possible to affirm the omnipotenceRead MoreEvil And Suffering By John Hick1606 Words   |  7 PagesEvil and suffering are two very similar terms. Dating back to the creation of the universe, evil and suffering have influenced our existence as human being. Many factors are responsible for how humans cope with, experience, and perceive evil and suffering. Evil can be defined as a moral or natural suffering that affects human beings (Reuter, 29 August 2016). Furthermore suffering can be defined as a response to threat to integrity of self (McFarland, 12 September 2016). One of the greatest challengesRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay872 Words   |  4 Pagesthat determine how they act and what they do. Humans are born with good or evil; There surroundings allow good or evil to thrive. A persons evil genes prosper with the given environment. Jack said â€Å"You would, would you? Fatty!†(71). This shows that his genes are bad and he doesnt like people different from him the environment the environment plays a part in how he acts because with no grownups or anyone to watch him his evil genes can tell him how to act. In Phillip Zambardo: The Violence WithinRead MoreThe Theme Of Good And Evil In Dantes Inferno1517 Words   |  7 Pageshis guide throughout his voyage. They both pass through the nine circles of Hell, where they witness many different punishments for those who have done awful things in their past. Good versus evil is a major theme that occurred throughout Hell. In the Inferno, there are times where Dante sees good and evil and also represents it himself. In The Divine Comedy: The Inferno, Dante defines the meaning of good. To Dante, â€Å"good† are the sinners who sinned by accident and ended up in Hell because ofRead MoreThe Reason For The Existence Of Evil1181 Words   |  5 Pagesthe existence of evil is a topic that as been a debauchle among philosophers for a long time. In this paper I am going to examine four major perspectives: the Judaic/Christian family, Augustine’s free will theory, â€Å"soul-making theodicy,† and eschatological perspective. All of these theories have valid points and flaws in their writing. I hope to compare and contrast them, so that I can better undertand. First, there is the perspective of Judaism and Christianity. The cause of evil and the extent ofRead MoreFaith and Doubt at Ground Zero Essay694 Words   |  3 PagesFaith and Doubt at Ground Zero Rene Bowen Colorado Christian University As I was watching the Frontline Video, Faith and Doubt at Ground Zero, I was immediately faced with the question about evil. It is hard to imagine how someone could do something so horrific in the name of religion. So many lives were forever changed during the events that transpired on Tuesday morning, Sept. 11, 2001. As a believer of God, I could certainly identify with the feelings of the people who lostRead MoreWhy God Allowed For The Existence Of Evil1703 Words   |  7 Pagesallowed for the existence of evil, if they are able to examine the logical problem in totality. Without doubt, there are plenty of coherent arguments that can combat the claims steming from the logical problem of evil. Alternatively though, the next objection cannot be addressed in the same fashion. The de jure argument, as known as the plausibility problem, requires a greater emphasis on the emotional consequences, rather than the specific and factual results of evil. The Plausibilty problem isRead MoreThe Problem of Evil1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe problem of evil is the notion that, how can an all-good, all-powerful, all-loving God exists when evil seems to exist also. The problem of evil also gives way to the notion that if hell exists then God must be evil for sending anyone there. I believe both of these ideas that God can exist while there is evil and God is not evil for sending anyone to hell. I believe hell exists in light of the idea that God is holy and just. The larger is how anyone can go to heaven. I will try to answer the problem

Simon Quote

Question: Discuss Simons quote in reference to a critical examination of four discrete concepts (covered in this course) that may explain bias in decisions. Answer: Introduction: The following presentation is about decision-making application on rational behavior of human mind for the formulation and solution of complex problems in context to real world. In reference to Herbert A. Simons concept about the rationality in terms of heuristics which are of four types- availability, representative, confirmation and bounded rationality. It is said that the theory of an organization cannot subsist without a rational choice of theory, which is best described as intendedly rational based on the two species of economic man; consumer and entrepreneur. Discussion: Heuristics are the mental decisions taken by individual in order to take a solution for complex problems. These decisions are faster and not based on any particular rules and regulations but there could be judgmental errors in the decisions taken by the individuals. Whereas rational behaviour means a process of decision-making based on the choices that result in the most beneficial level for the human being, which does not mean in receipt of monetary benefits all the time. The benefit or utility could be in either kind or emotional whereas Herbert A. Simon consistently strived to build a theory of human behavior and described several categories of Heuristics (Dhesi Ausloos, 2016). Availability Heuristic is based on easy way to form any judgment for a particular problem. It could be on percentage basis or probability basis, which might not be accurate. For example, individuals often tend to guess higher percentage in case of crime that involves violence (Ajzen, 2015). However, it is not necessary that the judgments taken would be erroneous or accurate. This decision taken by the individuals based on several factors like past records, options, random selection etc. According to the concepts presented by Simon, it is stated that the individuals are required to think rationally that helps in taking decisions in order to aim his satisfaction. Further, Simon in his theory had pointed out that the capacity of individuals mind in making the formula and solution to the size of the problems is comparatively quite small in the real world (Dhesi Ausloos, 2016). However, the theory of Robinson Crusoe as the decision-making in rational processes explains that it had not taken the rational processes understanding much beyond this stage. Another type of heuristic is representative heuristic, which is also a mental shortcut for decision-making process by comparing realistic information to the human mental prototype. For example, love and care of an older lady is considered to be a love and care of her being grandmother (Marshall, et al. 2015). So, in case of representative heuristic individuals use categories to form judgments and decisions. According to Simon, this skill in forming the decision is limited in individuals as compared to the relative problems. Bounded awareness rationality was explained in terms of economic behaviour while the distance between the rationality and behavior was covered by the element of decision. In other words, behavior is required a selection of choice which results among various possible alternatives of behaviours and decision is a procedure which the selection of the alternatives is performed (Marshall, et al. 2015). Confirmation or decision making heuristics, individuals often rely on the easy reasoning to make decision on difficult situations. This heuristic involve two systems of human mentality for the decision-making process, system 1 which is based on human instinct, intuition or emotional reaction whereas, system 2 is the output of system 1 based decisions (Dhesi Ausloos, 2016). Further, Simon had defined bounded rationality as a relation in accordance between pre-established ends and ways to reach the said ends, which has the specification in terms of value and hence is way beyond the scope of science. This relation however depends on the question of fact whose evaluation is involved in three steps, (i) point out the list of all the possible options, (ii) identification of the consequences that will follow the options listed out and (iii) measuring all the options and evaluation is also to be done for all the sets of consequences for each of the options or alternatives selected (Cuesta, et al. 2015). In Administrative Behavior, Simon had given importance on the difference between effective and theoretical behavior with the assumption of global rationality, which requires recognition of all the possible behavioral options, it also requires anticipation about the consequences of the behavioral options and the valuation and measurement of the outcome of the consequences of each of the options (De Groot, Thogersen Schubert, 2016). However, there is a critical problem in evaluation of the possible outcomes as the human skill and efficiency is limited to carry out the necessary alternatives in order to achieve the required and set out goals for both the economic man i.e. consumer and entrepreneur. In the present era, though the human efforts have been given an alternative in the form of computers and machinery, yet the human knowledge and skill to operate the machines are required which is also limited. Organizational behavior on the other hand, is the least natural but most rationally constructed units of human association but ironically, it is the most vacuous theory for an organization whose members are perfectly rational individuals. This is because there is a limitation in the human skill and knowledge required to achieve the desired goals, aims by way of communication or application of the source of knowledge and skill and the same becomes the problem in cooperation between the individuals and organization (Ajzen, 2015). Basically, organization theory for rational behavior is centrally concerned with the study and recognition those limitations and drawbacks that are hurdles in terms of flexibility and adaptability to the attainment of goals for individuals and organization (Brown Zhang, 2016). As discussed above entrepreneur principle of the economic theory is limited only to the external factors like demand- supply of his products as well as the interests of the individuals, which are different from that of the enterprise. Moreover, procedural rationality is the simplification in the system of choices which is introduced and advanced by Simon. The procedural rationality consists of two important elements: computation and satisfaction, which are the social and psychic on the affective and non rational factors of human behaviour. The theory focuses on the selection behaviour and choices to be applied by the individuals in connection with the appropriate and evaluation of the outcome of the sets of assignments taken into considerations. The general procedure of introduction of uncertainty into the choice of formulation is the assumption that the knowledge about future values is determined in the form of probability distribution (Prasertsom, 2015). In the context of Simons reference for the rationality behavioral computation and satisfaction, elements are irrational and interrelated. In order to cope up with the procedural biasness, individual have to evaluate his skill and knowledge so that the rationali ty between the computational alternatives and satisfactory results can be achieved. The procedural rationality explains the probability distribution for values to be evaluated in the computation of the required data for economic and behavioral theory. Moreover, the key to an effective and appropriate solution lies in substitutional goal in order to find the best move. Conclusion: The following essay has been dealt with the rational behaviour in terms of human skill and knowledge limitation in order to achieve the required goals in reference to the concept laid by Simon. The concept of rational behaviour has been described using four heuristics i.e. availability, representativeness, confirmation and bounded awareness in consideration with the limitation of factors which are generally external to the human beings. For consumers, the external limited factors are fixed pricing budget and supply of the products he is willing to buy. Whereas for the entrepreneurs the limited factors are demand- supply of the products of the organization as well as the interests of the consumers, which may be different with that of the enterprise. Further, the presentation has been done in the context of behavioral rationality i.e. bounded rationality and procedural rationality. Bounded rationality is the element between the choices of different alternatives and the selected alternative, which depends on the skill and knowledge of the individuals. Further, due to the limitation of human skill and knowledge it is difficult to derive accurate variables and probability of the values in future context as well as measurement of the data in relation to pricing and selection of the variables is difficult in order to achieve the desired goals of the enterprise. Reference List: Ajzen, I. (2015). The theory of planned behaviour is alive and well, and not ready to retire: a commentary on Sniehotta, Presseau, and Arajo-Soares.Health Psychology Review,9(2), 131-137. Marshall, D., Ambrose, E., McIvor, R., Lamming, R. (2015). Self-interest or the greater good: How political and rational dynamics influence the outsourcing process.International Journal of Operations Production Management,35(4), 547-576. Cuesta, J. A., Gracia-Lzaro, C., Ferrer, A., Moreno, Y., Snchez, A. (2015). Reputation drives cooperative behaviour and network formation in human groups.Scientific reports,5. De Groot, J., Thogersen, J., Schubert, I. (2016). Morality and Green Consumer Behaviour: A Psychological Perspective. Filippini, M., Hirl, B., Masiero, G. (2016). Rational habits in residential electricity demand.CER-ETH Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich, Working Paper, (16/228). Dhesi, G., Ausloos, M. (2016). Modelling and measuring the irrational behaviour of agents in financial markets: Discovering the psychological soliton.Chaos, Solitons Fractals. Stockhammer, E., Qazizada, W., Gechert, S. (2016). Demand effects of fiscal policy since 2008. Brown, C., Zhang, D. (2016). Un-rational behaviour? What causes discrepancies between teachers attitudes towards evidence use and actual instances of evidence use in schools?.Journal of Educational Administration,54(4). Prasertsom, P. (2015). Rational behaviour and personality types in a Thai insurer. Dryden, W. (2014).Rational emotive behaviour therapy: Distinctive features. Routledge. Bennett, R., Pearson, L. (2015). Group Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy for paranoia.Innovations in Psychosocial Interventions for Psychosis: Working with the Hard to Reach, 167.

Penang Island free essay sample

Penang Island was founded in 1786 by a multilingual maverick, Captain Francis Light of the British colonial firm, the East India Company. The Sir Francis Drake of his day, Captain Light envisaged his new town as a harbor for China-bound ships in pursuit of tea and opium. Under Captain Light, Penang was given duty-free status and new arrivals were allowed to claim as much land as they could clear. According to one story, he ended up bombarding it with silver dollars from cannons, in the hope that Malays would clear the forest to retrieve them. Penang, also known as the pearl of the orient, is one of the most touristic locations of Malaysia. The island (285 square meters) is situated on the northwest side of the Peninsular Malaysia. There are loads of activities and sights on the island. Hanging around on the beach is also considered a fine option. About 700. 000 people inhabit Penang Island, of which 59% are Chinese, 32% are Malay and 7% are Indian (2% are of other origin). We will write a custom essay sample on Penang Island or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The state of Penang has a population of 1,5 million (of which 43% are Malay and 41% Chinese). Penang has an eventful history; the diversity of the inhabitants clearly indicates this. Penang is especially known as the best place to enjoy wonderful local dishes; it is seen as the food capital of Malaysia. There are many hotels and resorts on the island, most are located in and around the city of Georgetown and around the towns Batu Ferringhi and Tanjung Bungah. Main Attractions in Penang Island Georgetown The 115-square mile (300-square-kilometer) island has plenty to see, more than Malaysia capital Kuala Lumpur, even. Much of the action happens at the island’s colonial capital, Georgetown. Georgetowns grid makes it easy to navigate the streets that teem with the bazaars and bucket seat restaurants that underpin the city’s gourmet reputation. The diverse menu runs from limejuice spiked with sour plum to duck-meat noodle soup. One is tempted to hang around downtown and eat and eat. (The more fastidious might complain that the streets are often shabby and populated by vicious dogs, but the dedicated foodie can look beyond these with little effort). Beyond Georgetown’s hedonistic sphere, Penang has some engrossing natural attractions, not least the bird sanctuary. Flycatchers, kingfishers, fairy bluebirds, pheasants and flowerpeckers are just some of the birds on parade at the sanctuary, which is threaded with waterfalls. The sanctuary’s sister, the butterfly park, houses over 4,000 tropical butterflies encompassing 150 species and is touted as a live museum. At time of writing, plans are underway to add a night zoo stocked with nocturnal creatures and tropical insects. Georgetown Attraction Visiting Georgetown is like visiting a world where time stands still – a world where history, nature and traditions are weaved into a rich cultural tapestry. Containing the best of Penang’s sights, sounds, smells and tastes, it wouldn’t be too much to say that Georgetown is easily Penang in a nutshell. From heritage buildings to nature parks. Penang’s capital city has a multitude of attractions to appease the curious visitor. This historic town is best enjoyed on foot or trishaw, enabling you to take in the sights and sounds better. For example, Penang Hill was the first colonial hill station developed in Peninsular Malaysia. Comprising Western Hill, Bukit Laksamana, Tiger Hill, Flagstaff Hill and Government Hill, it is located six km away from Georgetown. The hilly and forested area is the states primary hill resort. Set 821m above Penang’s capital, islanders call it Bukit Bendera and it is generally about five degrees cooler than Georgetown. It is the last patch of tropical rainforest in Penang so the flora and fauna here have been protected since 1960. Georgetown Activities There are plenty of things one can do around Georgetown. The town is filled with historical relics in the form of beautiful colonial buildings, so taking a walk around town can be quite an eye-opening experience, not to mention a pleasant one. From magnificent heritage buildings in the centre of town to lush landscapes from the top of the hills, there are many ways to explore this multi-faceted town. Go by foot or hop on a trishaw, and go to the places the locals like to go to and do as the locals do – no matter what you partake in, the journey never seem to end and the excitement never seems to stop. BATU FERRINGHI Batu Ferringhi, situated along the coastal road north-west of Georgetown and lined with a string of international- standard resorts, is the most popular beach in Penang. Batu Feringghi consists of a long stretch of soft, white sandy beach along a winding road named Jalan Batu Feringghi, soak in the sun or unwind on the beach while you enjoy a host of aquatic thrills from wind-surfing to canoeing. For a spine-tingling adventure, try parasailing to enjoy the view of the beach from the sky. As the sun sets, Batu Ferringhi comes alive with a carnival-like atmosphere with an open-air bazaar selling anything from ornate curios to enticing souvenir items. Watch local artisans demonstrate the intricate art of craft-making and batik- painting. Dubbed the Feringghi Walk, the bazaar offers shoppers a host of attractions. Its night market is quite legendary, while its waters are popular spots for a range of water sports activities such as parasailing and windsurfing. Batu Ferringhi Attraction Batu Ferringhi doesn’t really have any attraction within its vicinity aside from the beach and the night market, but plenty can be found in the neighbouring Teluk Bahang. Just a short ride away from Batu Ferringhi, the attractions in Teluk Bahang are located close to one another and are mostly nature-based. Attractions such as Penang’s Cultural Centre, Batik Factory and Yahong Art Gallery bring visitors closer to the island’s culture. Batu Ferringhi Activities Batu Ferringhi is famed for its beaches. Acres and acres of smooth, sandy beaches along its coastline provide the perfect avenue for a variety of beach sports and water sports activities, with a few companies along its length offering such facilities. Foot reflexology and fish spa centres are also aplenty here, with many hotels and resorts along Jalan Batu Ferringhi offering foot massage services. The contrasting beaches of neighbouring Teluk Bahang are popular spots for snorkeling. The smooth sands of Batu Ferringhi’s beaches are ideal spots for beach sports. Beach buggy, horseback riding, Frisbee throwing and beach volleyball are some of the games that are commonly enjoyed here. There are a few companies along Batu Ferringhi coastline that offer water sports facilities such as jet-skiing, parasailing and deep-sea fishing, such as Wave Runner Watersport Centre. Alternatively, aside from indulging in some physical activities, visitors have been known to come here for a spot of sunbathing or just for lounging and relaxing on the beach. The beaches of the neighbouring Teluk Bahang has contrasting yet equally beautiful landscape with huge rocks and boulders lacing its coast, offering perfect spots for snorkeling. BAYAN LEPAS Home to the Free Industrial Zone, Bayan Lepas is the island’s main industrial hub. But it’s not all factories and industrial areas here, Bayan Lepas has its own charms and attractions that lots of people still flock to throughout the year. Connected to Georgetown via the Bayan Lepas Expressway which takes approximately half an hour, Bayan Lepas is also home to the island’s international airport and Penang’s biggest shopping mall. Bayan Lepas Attraction Bayan Lepas may be a predominantly industrial area, but it also has plenty of noteworthy attractions that are worth your while. The War Museum on top of Bukit Maung gives you a glimpse of the nation’s bloody past with its well-preserved fortress and historical relics. For a temple with a difference, head on to the Snake Temple at Sungai Kluang, where you can get a chance to take a picture with its slithery residents. Or if your interest is more towards natural history, then a visit to the Penang Aquarium and the Bukit Jambul Orchid Hibiscus Garden is a must. Bayan Lepas Activities There’s plenty to do around Bayan Lepas. For golf enthusiasts, there’s the Bukit Jambul Country Club near Hotel Equatorial, and for movie buffs, there’s the eight-hall Golden Screen Cinema in Queensbay Mall. For some much-needed muscle relief after a day of walking around the many attractions of Bayan Lepas, Queensbay Mall’s Reflexology Zone will help ease those aches away. For something with a difference, take a day trip to Pulau Jerejak, now a beautiful resort island with a wide range of facilities for your recreational needs. Activities in Penang Penang Water Sports Centre A private water sports centre in Tanjung Bungah, Penang Water Sports Center is the hub of water sports action. Offering kayaks, canoes and boats for rent, this centre boasts complete facilities which include shower rooms, camps and hostels. The best thing about this place is that the rates offered are pretty reasonable and affordable. The centre has also played host to a number of water sporting events such as the Dragon Boat Festival; members of the dragon boat teams often come here to train for the competition. Beach volleyball, beach soccer and spot fishing are also some of the activities available at the centre. Ferry Ride Penang Ferry Service is the oldest ferry service in Malaysia. The ferry terminal is conveniently connected with the railway station and bus terminal via covered walkways a rare example of good public transport planning in Malaysia. Caution when using the toilets. The trip across the 3km channel takes about 20 minutes. Theres great photo opportunities both of the landscape and the birdlife that make the most of the free ride and the tourists handing out food. On a real humid day, this is one very inexpensive way of beating the heat as the cooler sea breezes flow through the relatively open ferry. Sailing Sailing is a popular activity that can be enjoyed by the entire family. There are catamarans and small dinghies available for hire at most of the seaside hotels and resorts. If youre inexperienced, lessons are often available, as is necessary safety gear. The waters here are warm and pleasant, and on a day when the seas are calm, sailing can be an agreeable and relaxing activity. Jungle Trekking There are lots of options when it comes to jungle treks. Most of the beach hotels and resorts organise treks that leave early in the day: these are typically easy walks that go to waterfalls and follow jungle streams. For families who want to venture out on their own, theres a useful guide published by the Malaysian Nature Society called The Nature Trails of Penang, available at tourist information offices. Its an excellent resource for families with children who want to follow interesting trails through the unique jungle environment. Diving Penang is one of Malaysias main tourist draws, although for scuba diving there are better options as the waters can be a bit murky. Its beaches are also a little lackluster when compared with those in some other Malaysian states, but this is more than compensated by the islands rich multicultural history which is full of colonial and Chinese influences. Penang is also well known for being the food paradise of Malaysia if not the whole of Asia. Horseback Riding Riding on horseback along a beach or through the rolling hills of the island can be an enjoyable way to appreciate the beauty of the natural environment here. There are a number of stables catering to horseback riding, and some hotels work with the stables to include riding on the list of activities available to their guests. Typically hotel concierge staff can provide details o horseback riding and make arrangements for you. Beach Sports and Activities All of the beach hotels and resorts provide facilities for numerous water sports that can be enjoyed by children, including canoeing, snorkelling, waterskiing and windsurfing. Depending on the age of your children, parasailing and scuba diving are also possibilities, each of which are offered at the islands more popular resorts. Speedboats are available for hire to take you to the uninhabited islands of Pulau Bidan, Pulau Song and Song Pulau Telur off Batu Ferringhi, where you can enjoy fishing and snorkelling. Impact of the Activities in Penang Positive Impact Opportunity of jobs for local people. Developments of the activities and building for tourists, there need more peoples to handle all these kind of jobs. So that the opportunity of employment are become more. Local people also can involve with tourism, they can work because more work opportunity to can apply. Direct employment in tourism occurs in areas such as hotels, transport operators, travel agencies, tourist attractions, tour guides, government departments and tour operators. Tourism also creates indirect employment in industries not directly associated with the sector, for example in construction, banking, design and transport companies. The main economic developments in Penang that realize the tourism sector is the major contribute towards the income and financial growth of the Penang. Based on the record by the Tourism Ministry, Penang has recorded a 40 per cent increase in the number of international tourist arrivals between January and June this year (2010). There were 405,932 tourists up till June, as compared to 244,146 in the same period last year. Tourism helps preserve rural services. As well as generating revenue and creating jobs, tourism development also contributes to infrastructure improvements in destination areas, e. g. buses, village shops and post offices. In this way, local people can bene? t from improved facilities that are provided for tourists Tourists increased demand for local food and crafts. For promoting and tourists wanted to try our local foods, or buying local crafts. This can expand the local business to let the tourists enjoy the traditional of the Penang and also can get benefit. Negative Impact Traffic congestion and pollution. For to develop resort and places holiday to become effects for environment quality although can attract tourist come visit in country. Besides, effect of globalization in country. Local goods can become expensive because tourists will pay more. When tourist comes to Penang and the government know that tourist willing to spend more money, so the government increase the money to get profit from the tourists but who realize that local peoples also be implicated in these situation. Shops stock products for tourists and not everyday goods needed by locals. Nowadays, the market target tourists to buy things but they didn’t realize that local peoples doesn’t need all the stuff they sell. If that time less tourists come to Penang and will affect their stock being stuck because no one want to buy. Tourists demand for holiday homes makes housing too expensive for local people. Not only housing, the in? ux of visitors to a holiday area can push up the prices of goods and services, particularly when demand is high in peak season. This disadvantages local people who may have to pay higher prices for food, drinks, entertainment, transport, events, etc. Extra charges may be levied on the local community to ? nance facilities and services for visitors. Jobs are mainly seasonal, low paid with long hours. Seasonal character of the tourism industry creates economic problems for destinations are heavily dependent. Problem with job insecurity, no guarantee of employment from one season to the next, difficulties in getting training, medical benefits, recognition of their experience, unsatisfactory and working conditions. Tourism development can lead to the loss of traditional jobs, when workers move from industries such as farming, forestry, mining and ? shing into service jobs in tourism CONCLUSION Penang is a beautiful, magnificent and historical state in Malaysia. Penang which is also known as the Pearl of Orient might be a second smallest state in the country of Malaysia but has a magnificent tourist attraction which is full of flora, fauna and many historical sites. It is not only famous for the tourist attraction sites but also its uniqueness in its food variety. In Penang, there have many attraction places that tourists can get around but not only one or two attraction place, it’s seem like the whole Pulau Penang is the main attraction. There also have different kind of activities to let tourists to experience the games that only in Malaysia. The impact of tourism on Penang Island, we found that tourism has indefinitely brought about many changes to the used-to-be-peaceful island. The most apparent changes would definitely be on the environment of the island. Noted as one of the best and most relaxing destination in Malaysia, Penang was once a very serene and calming place to holiday at. Currently however, many unplanned and unorganized development had cause many environment degradation.

The Book Thief By Marcus Zusak Essay Example For Students

The Book Thief By Marcus Zusak Essay â€Å"The human heart feels things the eyes cannot see, and knows what the mind cannot understand.† This quote, stated by Robert Vallet, resonates with all human beings irrespective of their age, gender, or race. The Book Thief, written by Marcus Zusak and narrated by death, tells an eye-opening story from the perspective of a small group of Germans who silently, secretly and courageously opposed Nazism during the time of the Holocaust. While death is featured prominently throughout the story, ultimately, love shines through. This is seen not only in The Book Thief, but in everyday life. Hence, Zusak’s purpose in writing The Book Thief is to expose his readers to the exceptional, yet beautiful power of love: how love can save a person, change a person, and ultimately be everlasting.The bond of love between individuals has the power to save lives. It supersedes the destructive weight of race, religion, and culture, somehow finding its way through. In times of suffering, hostility and tumult, love has a place to calm the soul and nourish the spirit. As a result, love proves to be a â€Å"savior† to all. For example, they say that dog is a man’s best friend, and in many cases, such as this one, it presents itself to be true. We will write a custom essay on The Book Thief By Marcus Zusak specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now â€Å"A brave Jack Russell terrier died while protecting its pregnant owner and her 2-year-old daughter from a Cape cobra. The Six-year-old dog Jamal died shortly after he killed the snake† (Chabalala 1). This quote exemplifies the unbreakable bond of love between dog and man, and how the dog would do anything just to save its owner, therefore, giving up its life for its owner. In addition, Jamal saved not just his owner, but the lives her unborn baby as well as her two year old daughter. Furthermore, The Book Thief too sh. . ather there with her; therefore holding their love perpetually. In conclusion, Chris’ love for his wife, as well as Liesel’s love for her father both demonstrate the eternal power of love and how its flame follows wherever the love travels. All in all, the heart is one of the most powerful forces on earth due to one reason: love stems from the heart. The love that the heart produces has the power to save a person, change a person, and can ultimately be everlasting. Therefore, Zusak’s purpose in writing The Book Thief was to show his readers’ the power that love holds within. Along with Liesel and Hans; Rosa, Jamal the Jack Russell Terrier, Jesus, and Chris all beautifully exhibit examples of how love can save, change, and be everlasting. But, if love has the capability to perform these wondrous abilities, does love have the capacity to control mankind?

Cómo sacar Número Seguro Social para niño y beneficios

Cà ³mo sacar Nà ºmero Seguro Social para nià ±o y beneficios   Los padres y madres de nià ±os que son ciudadanos americanos pueden solicitar su hijo un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social (SSN, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En este artà ­culo se explica cà ³mo sacarlo, distinguiendo los trmites segà ºn si se solicita en el momento del nacimiento o posteriormente o, incluso, en el caso de que el menor est fuera de los Estados Unidos. Tambià ©n se informa de para quà © sirve el SSN y cundo los menores pueden tener derechos a recibir un cheque de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social.  ¿Cà ³mo sacar Nà ºmero de Seguro Social para un nià ±o? Los trmites para sacar el SSN para un nià ±o depende de las circunstancias particulares de cada caso. Asà ­, si nace en Estados Unidos, lo ms conveniente es hacerlo al mismo tiempo que se aplica por el certificado de nacimiento (birth certificate). En ese momento se pregunta a los padres si desean pedir el Nà ºmero del Seguro Social para su recià ©n nacido. Si dicen que sà ­, el padre y la madre deben comunicar cul es su propio SSN, si no lo tienen o si solo lo tiene uno, no pasa nada. El bebà © tendr derecho a su tarjeta. A continuacià ³n, la oficina de de Rà ©cords Vitales del lugar de nacimiento se pone en contacto con la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social y à ©sta enviar la tarjeta por correo. Para evitar problemas, se recomienda que el nombre del bebà © està © en el buzà ³n de correos, ya que en algunos estados los carteros pueden no entregar la tarjeta si el nombre del destinatario no est incluido en el buzà ³n. Sin embargo, si el nià ±o  nace  en Estados Unidos pero se aplica por el Seguro Social en un momento posterior, habr que presentar los documentos siguientes: En primer lugar, debe completarse la planilla (forma) SS-5. En segundo lugar, debe probarse la ciudadanà ­a americana y  edad del menor para el que se pide el SSN. Generalmente puede utilizarse el certificado de nacimiento, pero tambià ©n son vlidos el reporte consular de nacimiento en el exterior, el pasaporte americano y los certificados de naturalizacià ³n o el de ciudadanà ­a. Tambià ©n debe probarse la identidad del menor. Para ello el documento que se prefiere es el pasaporte, si no lo hay puede presentarse el rà ©cord de la escuela o la tarjeta de identificacià ³n escolar, el certificado de adopcià ³n, rà ©cords de la clà ­nica en la que nacià ³n o rà ©cords bautismales Asimismo, debe probarse la identidad del padre, la madre o guardin legal que solicita la tarjeta para el nià ±o. Original o copia certificada, no se admiten fotocopias. Finalmente, si el menor ya ha cumplido los 12 aà ±os de edad, deber presentarse en persona en una oficina del Seguro Social  para ser entrevistado. En este caso la tarjeta del Seguro Social puede demorarse  tres meses. Si se trata de un nià ±o nacido fuera de Estados Unidos pero que es estadounidense porque uno o ambos de sus padres pueden transmitirle la nacionalidad se puede solicitar la tarjeta del SSN en el momento en el que se hace la cita con la embajada o consulado para solicitar el Reporte Consular de Nacimiento en el Exterior. El Reporte Consular es el documento que sirve para probar que ese nià ±o, nacido en el exterior, es estadounidense.  ¿Para quà © se utiliza el SSN de un nià ±o? Los nià ±os  no estn obligados a sacar un SSN. Pero es muy conveniente que lo tengan porque es necesario para, entre otras cosas: Desgravar por à ©l o ella a la hora de llenar las planillas de impuestos (income tax return)Para que puedan recibir beneficios del gobierno, como Medicaid, CHIP o cupones de alimentosPara abrir una cuenta bancaria a su nombrePara recibir pagos por parte de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social  ¿Cundo un nià ±o puede recibir un pago de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social? Los menores de 18 aà ±os que estn solteros pueden recibir un pago de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social si son cuidados por un padre, madre o uno de los abuelos y à ©stos fallecen, se jubilan o reciben beneficios por incapacidad (disability, en inglà ©s). El menor que est estudiando a tiempo completo en high school podrà ­a recibir ese pago mientras no cumpla los 19 aà ±os de edad. Adems, los menores que sufren una incapacidad podrà ­an recibir tambià ©n un pago. Dicho beneficio podrà ­a extenderse ms all de los 18 aà ±os siempre y cuando la incapacidad fuera declarada antes de cumplir los 22 aà ±os. 3 curiosidades sobre el SSN El Nà ºmero del Seguro Social es el mismo para toda la vida de una persona. No cambia, si bien en casos extraordinarios se puede solicitar un nà ºmero nuevo como, por ejemplo, si el solicitante ha sufrido un robo de identidad o en los casos de và ­ctimas de violencia para evitar que el abusador pueda encontrarlas. Es uno de los documentos que se admiten para completar la lista C del I-9, para probar que se puede trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos, excepto en lo casos de SSN emitidos en una tarjeta en la que se especifique not valid for employment. Finalmente, no es obligatorio llevar en todo momento la tarjeta. Por el contrario, es aconsejable dejarla en casa guardada en un lugar seguro. SSN y actividades ilegales Es ilegal cualquiera de las situaciones siguientes: Utilizar el SSN de otra personaMentir para obtener una tarjeta. Es un fraude de ley.Comprar, vender o de cualquier modo alterar o manipular la tarjeta del SSN. En caso de utilizacià ³n ilegal del nà ºmero de la tarjeta del seguro social de un menor, se puede denunciar  por internet en www.idtheft.gov o marcando al nà ºmero 1-877-438-4338. Puntos clave: Nà ºmero del Seguro Social para un nià ±o Los nià ±os no estn obligados a tener tarjeta del Nà ºmero del Seguro Social (SSN)Sin tarjeta SSN no es posible desgravar por un nià ±o ni los menores pueden cobrar beneficios como pagos de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social.El SSN para un menor puede solicitarse conjuntamente con el Certificado de Nacimiento, posteriormente o, en el caso de estadounidenses nacidos en el exterior, en el momento de registrarlos en el consulado solicitando el Reporte Consular de Nacimiento en el Exterior.Si se cree que se est haciendo un uso fraudulento del SSN de un menor, se puede denunciar marcando al 1-877-438-4338. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Concepts of Self and Selfhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Concepts of Self and Selfhood - Essay Example Locke shared the same ideas with Marx, believing that humans give up certain freedoms to have protection through their government. As a result, the basic nature of human self is portrayed in the light of selfhood and individuality and human nature along with its grace and flaws and it is done in accordance to the spirituality and ethical and metaphysical beliefs of the cultural environment of his time. The empiricism point of view enumerated the physical, mental and the mind/body aspect as tabula rasa by John Locke. In accordance to him, the entire nature of human self is the constant nurture of sensory experiences where the individual gathers information right from birth. On the other hand, Plato incorporated the idea of anthropology and metaphysics in defining the amalgamation of the concept of physical, mental and the mind/body aspect of the human nature. He suggested that the human nature is the combination of genitals, belly, breast and the concept of intellectuality. He also st ated the basic human nature was always uncomfortable with this coexistence and death was the only way out of this coercion. John Lockes approach to this issue of selfhood or individualism is based on the contradiction of values of his time and ethical methods available in his era (1632 - 1704). He "was directed against the principles of Sir Robert Filmer, whose books, asserting the divine authority of kings and denying any right of resistance, were thought by Locke and his fellow Whigs to be too influential among the gentry to be left unchallenged by those who held that resistance to an arbitrary monarch might be justified." (Locke, viii) Thus, it is certain that John Locke believed in the human self of man and that man should be paid his dues whereby there should be equalities in terms of ethics in the society. John Locke's approach to metaphysic and ethics is in this way very modern in nature and reading his text Second Treatise of Government yields a romantic approach towards different ethical consequences. This is because he was more of a political philosopher than an economist. Thus, a philosophical justification comes forward with his view of forceful equality of selfhood and individuality. An ardent empiricist by nature John Locke is always in favor of revolution. He conveys every opportunity to practice this approach, he feels that selfhood, and individuality is possible only by revolution. In a way, John Locke is at par with Marx but his approach is more fiscal oriented and data base where as Locke's outlook is more assumption based and romance is added to it enthusiastically. His views were based on the faith that human nature is the best judge of identifying right and wrong, that it is obvious that the population would determine correctly, what is ultimately right would eradicate differences in the process, and selfhood and individuality would prevail. (Lamb, 226-8) As such, in Marx's opinion, the alienation/duplication between the secular and religious worlds needs to be followed by a subsequent recognition of the alienation/duplication of the secular world itself for evoking the proper aspects of selfhood and individualism. The religious world is a projection of the secular world but the secular world

SOC 318 Project T2 Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SOC 318 Project T2 - Research Proposal Example The question of whether science or religion is more dependable for humans to go forward in life has been a million dollar question since the end of middle ages. The truth of religion became a lesser truth, as science evaded the intellect of humans with a full fledged armoury of reason. From this crisis, emerged several attempts to prove that there is no contradiction between both. These attempts were both in the field of content as well as the methods of scientific investigation. One of the scholars who came in defence of religion was Alister McGrath (1999) who has argued that models and analogies are used by humans to describe complex entities (p.144) in a similar way in religion and science. These entities can be an atom or a molecule in science. They can also be god in religion. Thinkers and scholars like McGrath since then have always tried to draw parallels between these two major schools of thought that exist in human mind. Natural sciences use certain models to describe some aspects of such a complex systems. Primarily, a simple structure of the model is created and tested for accuracy and then it is developed to include hitherto ignored and more complicated features of a complex system. McGrath (1999) has cited the kinetic theory of gases as an example for such scientific models (p.145). In science, when the pressure, volume and temperature of gases were changed, the behaviour of all gases was found to be according to certain laws irrespective of their chemical identity. Boyles’ law and Charles’ law were the major among these laws. Combining these two laws, a perfect gas equation was derived, according to which, gas particles are visualised as invisibly small balls which are in constant collision with the walls of the container. So the pressure on the walls can be calculated from the rate of change of

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annotated Bibliography Example The discriminatory HR policies caused conflict between the two groups, eventually reducing the productivity, whereas favorable policies that encouraged friendly interactions between the local workers and the expatriates, such as buddy systems, greatly enhanced the relationship between the two groups and provided the expatriates with the necessary emotional support in a new country. The reading also reveals that unequal treatment of different groups of workers caused discord, and this feeling of inequality is dependant more on cultural factors and role in decision making rather than differences in pay packages. Practical Implications: The reading implicated that many cross-cultural differences that are usually ignored while making policies, have a significant effect on expatriate-local relationships such as cultural conflicts between two different groups that speak the same language. The reading strongly suggests that significant attention should be paid to the local staff while dealing with expatriates and that the opinions of the local staff are ignored by most of the current HR policies. The reading also points out the importance of considering the social and people skills of the candidates while selecting employees for offshore missions. Value to Reader: The main objective of the reading is to note the need of updating the current expatriate policies. Nowadays, most of the local workforce for the western companies has the same skill levels as the expatriates and any measure of them being treated unequally by the management will have a negative impact on the motivation of the staff and hence the productivity of the company. The local staff needs to be treated more as an asset as they are more knowledgeable regarding the culture of their home country and possess contacts that could help the parent companies. Additionally, local employees need to be prepared for the incoming expatriates as favorable interactions,

The Nature And Role Of The Financial System Finance Essay

The Nature And Role Of The Financial System Finance Essay Financial system is a mechanism where economic exchange activities can be done. The economic activities can be done through the interaction between financial institutions and the financial market. The purposes of this interaction are to mobilize fund and providing payment facilities for the financing of commercial activities. With the emergence of Islamic finance, the dual financial systems being introduce. In dual financial system the conventional financial systems operating side by side with the Islamic financial systems. The Islamic Financial system consists of the role of four essential mechanisms: The Islamic banking institutions, Takaful, Islamic Capital Market and Islamic Money market. The structure of this financial system may consist of specialized and non-specialized financial institutions, of organized and unorganized financial markets, of financial instruments and services which facilitate transfer of funds. It also comprises of procedures and practices adopted in the Islamic financial markets. The operation and mechanism of the financial system is scrutinized by Bank Negara Malaysia advisory board and Securities Commission Syariah Advisory Board to ensure compliance of Islamic rules and regulations. The Islamic financial institutions which are govern and control under Bank Negara Malaysia are the organizations that mobilize the depositors savings, and provide financing, acting as creditor or in the form of capital venture or financing in the form of profit and loss sharing (PLS). They also provide various financial services to the community, particularly business organizations. The activities will be dealing in financial assets such as deposits, loans, securities or dealing in real assets such as machinery, equipment, stocks of goods and real estate. The activities of different financial institutions may be either specialized or their function may be overlap. They may be classified base on the basis of their primary activity or the degree of their specialization with relation to savers or borrowers with whom they customarily deal or scope of activity or the type of ownership are some of the criteria which are often used to classify a large number and variety of financial institu tions which exist in the economy. Financial institutions are divided into banking and non-banking institutions. The banking institutions traditionally participate in the economys payments mechanism, i.e., they provide transactions services, their deposit liabilities constitute a major part of the national money supply, and they can, as a whole, create deposits or credit, which is money and Banks, subject to legal reserve requirements, can advance credit by creating claims against themselves. Financial institutions are also classified as intermediaries and non-intermediaries. As the term indicates, intermediaries intermediate between savers and investors; they lend money as well as mobilize savings; their liabilities are towards the ultimate savers, while their assets are from the investors or borrowers. Non-intermediary institutions do the loan business but their resources are not directly obtained from the savers. All banking institutions are intermediaries. Many non-banking institutions also act as intermediaries) and when they do so they are known as Non-Banking Financial Intermediaries. The Evolution of Financial Intermediaries in Malaysia In this section, our task is to survey the landscape and identify the institutional players. By describing what financial intermediaries look like today, it is also revealing to see how financial intermediaries have evolved over the last century. Institutional Players The banking system in Malaysia, which is the major component of the financial sector, consists of Bank Negara Malaysia, commercial banks, Islamic banks, International Islamic banks, Investment bank, other non bank institutions and money brokers. Which are all regulated and supervised by Bank Negara Malaysia.  Ã‚  Ã‚  The other non-bank institutions are supervised by other government agencies. These institutions can be divided into four major groups, consisting of the development finance institutions, the saving institutions, the provident and pension funds, and a group of other financial intermediaries, comprising of building societies, unit trusts and property trusts, leasing companies, factoring companies, credit token companies, venture capital companies, special investment agencies and several financial institutions such as the National Mortgage Corporation (Cagamas) and Credit Guarantee Corporation. The traditional banking system role has been to make long-term loans and fund them by issuing short-term deposits.  [1]  But banking systems are prohibited from engaging in securities market activities such as securities underwriting or the sale of trust funds. Therefore, the current design of non-bank financial institution are allowed to deal in the securities market a part of providing services which are similar to the banking system. The contribution of each non-bank financial institutions: insurance companies and pension funds; they receive investment funds from their customers, both of these institutions place their money in a variety of money-earning investments. Leasing companies; they purchase equipment/asset and then lease to businesses for a set number of years. Factoring companies; provide specialized forms of credit to businesses by making loans and purchasing accounts receivable at a discount, usually assumes responsibility for collecting the debt, specialize in bill processing and collections and to take advantage of economies of scale. Market makers; as an agent that offer to buy or sell security (trading in securities),  [2]  storage the securities and insured the securities against loss, provide margin credit,  [3]  cash management account services.  [4]   Trust funds; pool the funds of many small investors and purchase large quantities of securities, offer a wide variety of funds designed to appeal to most investment strategies, allow the small investors to obtain the benefits of lower transaction costs in purchasing securities and reduce the risk by diversifying the portfolio. The National Mortgage Corporation; is to promote the secondary mortgage market in Malaysia, with the issuance of secondary mortgage securities, Cagamas Berhad performs the function of an intermediary to bring together the primary lenders of housing loans and investors of long-term funds. Evolution The evolution of financial intermediation in Malaysia is reflected in Table 1. Table 1 shows the major financial intermediaries by assets and also by percentage share (in parentheses) from 1960 to 2000. To the extent that we can view the pace of financial intermediation as a horse race, there seem to be a clear winners and losers. For example, in terms of relative importance the winners are unit trust, Cagamas Berhad, leasing companies, factoring companies and venture capital companies. Commercial banks and finance companies are losers. These findings raise some interesting questions. First, what caused the change in the mix of financial intermediaries? In this section, we will examine this evolutionary process via three factors. Deregulation of Interest Rate Interest rate deregulation that affects loan pricing takes its earliest form.  [5]  Canada, in 1960, was the first to deregulate its interest rate. Other countries deregulated in the 1980s or thereafter.  [6]  This deregulation allows more freedom and activity to the banks and other institutions to issue new depository products as well as diversified short and long term credit instruments.  [7]  Leightner and Lovell (1998) state that some relaxation to the banks portfolio were part of the liberalization that enables bank to diversify investment to private as well as the foreign equity.  [8]  This made possible with the establishment of the foreign exchange market and the expansion of the underwriting activities of the financial intermediaries. Liberalization in Japan and Germany for instance, brings new paradigm to the roles of the banking institutions. The bank in Germany and Japan is no longer to be a creditor, but can also be the equity holder and in the board of d irectors and management. Liberalization of the banking industry, for example in Malaysia and some other countries, take banking institution into a new dimension that is the establishment of Islamic banking.  [9]  The increasing demand on the interest free banking offer by the Islamic financial institutions leads many conventional banks to offer Islamic counter or rather known as dual banking. This development happens to Muslim and non-Muslim countries. The results show that the individuals prefer to diversify their investment other than deposits. In particular, they invest in securities such as stocks, bonds and unit trusts. Therefore, new investment in unit trust for the small saver altered permanently the financial landscape. The Institutionalization of Financial Markets Institutionalization refers to the fact that more and more funds in Malaysia have been flowing indirectly into the financial markets through financial intermediaries, particularly pension funds, trust funds and insurance companies rather than directly from savers. As a result, these institutional players have become much more important in the financial markets relative to individual investors. What caused institutionalization? Quite simply, it was driven by the growth of these financial intermediaries, particularly pension and unit trust.  [10]  Pension fund growth was encouraged by government policy. Tax laws, for instance, encourage employers to help their employees by substituting pension benefits for wages. This is good for employees because they do not pay taxes on their pension benefits until they are received after retirement. Unit trusts gained considerably from these changes in pension plan laws. Defined contribution plans were allowed to include unit trust on the menu of assets for which plan members could choose. In addition, the increasing attractiveness of specialized funds such as bond funds and index funds has also fueled unit trust fund growth. The Transformation of Traditional Banking The fact that banks are exposed to the non-performing loans that stood at 9.1% for the periods of 1997 to 1999 and it seems to us that banking is a declining industry. However, first, the so-called decline of commercial banking is limited to a decline in the relative importance of commercial banking. As shown in Table 1, the decline of commercial banks assets as a fraction of total intermediated assets from 43.4% in 1980 to 41.3% in 2001. Table 1 also shows that banking industry assets actually increased between 1960 and 2000. In other words, bank assets have actually increased just not as fast as the assets of other financial intermediaries. Second, many of the new innovative activities in which banks engage are not reflected on bank balance sheets as assets even though they add significantly to bank revenue.  [11]  These include, for example, trading in interest rate and currency swaps, selling derivative instruments and issuing credit guarantees. Third, banks have a strong comparative advantage in lending to individuals and small businesses.  [12]  Finally, banks have joined forces with a number of other types of financial intermediaries.  [13]  For example, banks have combined with unit trust funds, merchant banks, insurance companies and finance companies. Bank acquisitions of non-bank financial intermediaries are part of broader consolidation of the entire financial services industry. Diagram 1: Structure of Regulatory Framework Minister of Land and Co-operative Development Licensing of : Brokers Representatives Trading Adviser Representatives Fund Managers Representatives Minister of Finance Minister of Domestic Trade Consumer Affairs Securities Commission Act 1993 Securities Industry Act 1983 Registrar of Companies Securities Commission Future Industry Act 1993 Companies Act 1965 Cooperative Act 1993 Kuala Lumpur Stock exchange (KLSE) BNM Islamic Banking Act 1983 Licensing of Dealers Representatives Investment Adviser Representatives Fund Managers Representatives Securities Clearing Automated Network Sdn Bhd (SCANS) Malaysian Central Depository Sdn Bhd (MCD) Kuala Lumpur Commodity Exchange (KLCE) Malaysian Futures Clearing Corporation Sdn Bhd (MFCC) Kuala Lumpur Options Financial Futures Exchange (KLOFFE) Malaysian Monetary Exchange (MME) Malaysian Derivative Clearing House Sdn Bhd (MDCH) Table 1: Malaysia: Assets of the Financial System, 1960-2000 As at end of (RM million) 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Banking System 2,356 (66.3) 7,455 (64.1) 54,346 (73.3) 223,500 (69.8) 829,900 (66.8) Central Bank 1,114 (31.4) 2,422 (20.8) 12,994 (17.5) 37,500 (11.7) 148,900 (12.0) Commercial Banks 1,232 (34.7) 4,460 (38.4) 32,186 (43.4) 130,600 (40.8) 513,600 (41.3) Finance Companies 10 (0.3) 531 (4.6) 5,635 (7.6) 39,400 (12.3) 109,400 (8.8) Merchant Banks 2,229 (3.0) 11,100 (3.5) 36,900 (3.0) Discount Houses 42 (0.4) 1,292 (1.7) 4,900 (1.5) 21,100 (1.7) Non-Bank Financial Intermediries 1,197 (33.7) 4,167 (35.9) 19,807 (26.7) 96,900 (30.2) 413,100 (33.2) Provident and Pension Funds 733 (20.6) 2,717 (23.4) 11,370 (15.3) 51,800 (16.2) 217,600 (17.5) Life and General Insurance Funds 103 (2.9) 439 (3.8) 2,476 (3.3) 10,300 (3.2) 52,200 (4.2) Development Financial Institutions 113 (1.0) 2,193 (3.0) 6,000 (1.9) 25,100 (2.0) Savings Institutions 267 (7.5) 645 (5.5) 2,463 (3.3) 10,000 (3.1) 32,300 (2.6) Other Intermediaries 93 (2.6) 233 (2.0) 1,305 (1.8) 19,800 (6.2) 85,900 (6.9) Total 3,553 11,622 74,153 320,400 1243,000 Source: Bank Negara Malaysia, Annual Reports (various issues) Financial Markets Financial markets are the centers or an arrangement that provide facilities for buying and selling of financial claims and services the corporations, financial institutions, individuals and governments trade in financial products in these markets either directly or through brokers and dealers on organized exchanges or off-exchanges. The participants on the demand and supply sides of these markets are financial institutions, agents, brokers, dealers, borrowers, lenders, savers, and others who are interlinked by the laws, contracts, covenants and communication networks. Financial markets are sometimes classified as primary (direct) and secondary (indirect) markets. The primary markets deal in the new financial claims or new securities and, therefore, they are also known as new issue markets. On the other hand, secondary markets deal in securities already issued or existing or outstanding. The primary markets mobilize savings and supply fresh or additional capital to business units. Alt hough secondary markets do not contribute directly to the supply of additional capital, they do so indirectly by rendering securities issued on the primary markets liquid. Stock markets have both primary and secondary market segments. Very often financial markets are classified as money markets and capital markets, although there is no essential difference between the two as both perform the same function of transferring resources to the producers. This conventional distinction is based on the differences in the period of maturity of financial assets issued in these markets. While money markets deal in the short-term claims (with a period of maturity of one year or less), capital markets do so in the long-term (maturity period above one year) claims. Contrary to popular usage, the capital market is not only co-extensive with the stock market; but it is also much wider than the stock market. Similarly, it is not always possible to include a given participant in either of the two (money and capital) markets alone. Commercial banks, for example, belong to both. While treasury bills market, call money market, and commercial bills market are examples of money market, stock market and government bonds market are example s of capital market. Keeping in view different purposes, financial markets have also been classified into the following categories: (a) organized and unorganized, (b) formal and informal, (c) official and parallel, and (d) domestic and foreign. There is no precise connotation with which the words unorganized and informal are used in this context. They are quite often used interchangeably. The financial transactions which take place outside the well-established exchanges or without systematic and orderly structure or arrangements constitute the unorganized markets. They generally refer to the markets in villages or rural areas, but they exist in urban areas also. Interbank money markets and most foreign exchange markets do not have organized exchanges. But they are not unorganized markets in the same way the rural markets are. The informal markets are said to usually involve families and small groups of individuals lending and borrowing from each other. This description cannot be str ictly applied to the foreign exchange markets, but they are also mostly informal markets. The nature, meaning, and scope of activities of these types of markets will be discussed later in the book. As mentioned earlier, financial systems deal in financial services and claims or financial assets or securities or financial instruments. These services and claims are many and varied in character. This is so because of the diversity of motives behind borrowing and lending. The stage of development of the financial system can often be judged from the diversity of financial instruments that exist in the system. It is not possible here to discuss individually the nature of various financial claims that exist in the financial system. The financial assets represent a claim to the payment of a sum of money sometime in the future (repayment of principal) and/or a periodic (regular or not so regular) payment in the form of interest or dividend. With regard to bank deposit or government bond or industrial debenture, the holder receives both the regular periodic payments and the repayment of the principal at a fixed date. Whereas with regard to ordinary share or perpetual bond, only periodic payments are received (which are regular in the case of perpetual bond but may be irregular in the case of ordinary share). Financial securities are classified as primary (direct) and secondary (indirect) securities. The primary securities are issued by the ultimate investors directly to the ultimate savers as ordinary shares and debentures, while the secondary securities are issued by the financial intermediaries to the ultimate savers as bank deposits, units, insurance policies, and so on. For the purpose of certain types of anal ysis, it is also useful to talk about ownership securities (viz., shares) and debt securities (viz., debentures, deposits). Financial instruments differ from each other in respect of their investment characteristics which, of course, are interdependent and interrelated. Among the investment characteristics of financial assets or financial products, the following are important: (i)liquidity, (ii) marketability, (iii) reversibility, (iv) transferability, (v) transactions costs, (vi) risk of default or the degree of capital and income uncertainty, and a wide array of other risks, (vii) maturity period, (viii) tax status, (ix) options such as call-back or buy-back option, (x) volatility of prices, and (xi) the rate of return-nominal, effective, and real. DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF A CAPITAL MARKET (THE ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS) The previous section gave a brief overview of the major types of financial institu ­tions. To understand why financial institutions exist and the economic services that they provide, it is important to understand the different ways in which funds are transferred within an economy between businesses, government, and households (economic entities) that need to borrow funds (borrowers) and those that have sur ­plus funds to lend (investors). In a very simple economy without financial institutions, transactions between, different borrowers and lenders are difficult to arrange. Borrowers and savers incur significant search and information costs trying to find each other. Transactions be ­tween borrowers and savers may also be limited, because few financial contracts in ­volve only two parties. Similarly, risks are great, since individual entities have little or no knowledge of each other and little ability to monitor each others actions. Also, the transactions costs may be so high that small entities may be unwilling to supply funds. Investors also have little ability to diversify their risk, due to the high cost of many financial contracts. Supplier of funds: surplus (savings) units Lenders: Housesolders, companies, governments, rest of the worlds Demand of funds: deficit unit Borrowers: Housesolders, companies, governments, rest of the worlds Financial Markets Financial institutions help to reduce transactions, search, monitoring, and infor ­mation costs. They provide risk management services and allow investors to diversify their risk and hold portfolios of financial assets by creating ways of indirect financing. Financial institutions also play important roles in an efficient payment system be ­tween entities and in managing pure risk (insurance). The upper panel of Figure 1 shows the role of financial institutions as intermedi ­aries between borrowers and lenders. The term primary securities refers to direct financial claims against individuals, governments, and non-financial firms. A simple economy without any financial insti ­tutions would accommodate only direct financial claims or financial contracts. In ef ­fect, a borrower gives an investor a financial contract or direct financial claim or se ­curity that promises a stake in the borrowers company (i.e., shares of stock) or future payments returning the amount invested plus interest (i.e., a bond, or some other sort of IOU). These are examples of direct or primary securities. As an economy develops, markets emerge for trading direct securities. Some function as auction markets, where trading is carried out in one physical location, as occurs on the New York Stock Exchange; others function as over-the-counter mar ­kets, where trading is carried out by distant contacts, perhaps over the phone and computer, as on the National Association of Security Dealers Automated Quotation (NASDA Q) system. Loans made directly with borrowers are another example of a primary or direct security, where a direct contract is made between a borrower and a bank or other individual lender. Table 1.2 provides examples of primary securities in the first column. The financial assets owned by banks, insurance companies, and mu ­tual funds, such as loans, bonds, and common stock, are all direct securities, where the lenders give funds to the borrowers, and the lenders receive financial contracts guaranteeing repayment of funds plus interest or shares of ownership in the bor ­rower companies. Investors lend funds in return for a direct or primary security. Secondary securities, in contrast, are financial liabilities of financial institu ­tions-that is, claim against financial institutions. In Table 1.2, financial institu ­tions liabilities-deposits, policyholder reserve obligations, and mutual fund shares-are secondary securities or claims against financial institutions. In effect, fi ­nancial institutions created secondary securities that offer advantages over primary securities or direct financial claims. EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SECURITIES Primary Securities Secondary Securities Commercial loans Savings deposits Mortgage loans Transaction deposits Consumer loans Certificates of deposit Government bonds Insurance policyholders reserves Corporate bonds Mutual fund shares Corporate common stock Pension fund reserves Table 1.2 shows this type of indirect financing. Unfortunately, like most fields, finance sometimes uses confusing terminology. Readers should carefully avoid confusing the use of the words primary and secondary in this dis ­cussion with their use in other contexts. For example, students who have previously stud ­ied corporate finance or investments may have encountered the terms primary and sec ­ondary markets; primary markets are those for originally issued securities, and secondary markets handle resale of securities. In the context of this chapter, primary and secondary distinguish between issuers of securities and not between changes in securities ownership. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MARKET In a market economy the existence of financial markets can greatly ease the process of exchanging loanable funds for financial claims. A firm that wants to borrow money can go to the market in the knowledge that those with funds to lend will be there. The process is made easier still if specialist traders are known to be actively participating in the markets, buying and selling financial claims on their own account, thereby smoothing over days on which trading is thin or when there is an excess of potential borrowers or lenders. Further economies are achieved if agents or brokers can be employed to enter the market representing the customer to buy and sell securities. The existence of the market serves borrowers and lenders alike by reducing the search costs which each has to incur to get in touch with the other, and also maintains confidence in market prices. Markets do not always have a physical location. A market for loanable funds might consist of nothing more than a list of know n dealers who can be contacted by letter or telephone. The International Stock Exchange is the centre of the securities market. It has both a physical trading site which is used for a very small number of securities, and a highly developed system of trading which takes place in a number of locations via computer linkages. The discount market is another traditional financial market, but one which operates without a physical site at all. This market operates by representatives of the discount houses maintaining close daily contact with the leading banks, either by telephone or personal visits, to determine where trading opportunities are. Two types of financial markets exist for real and financial assets, and it is important to distinguish between them. A primary market for financial assets deals in new issues of all types of loanable funds. Transactions in primary markets result either in the creation or in the extinction of financial claims. The creation of a new loan causes the transfer of cash from a lender to a borrower in exchange for a financial claim on the latter. The claim is extinguished when the cash, usually interest and principal, has been repaid to the lender. A secondary market is a market in old issues. Transactions in secondary markets do not create or extinguish financial claims. Cash does not pass between borrowers and lenders, but existing issues simply change hands. The borrower remains unaffect ed by the transaction while the lender transfers the right of repayment to another. The main economic function of the secondary markets is to support the operations of the associated primary markets for new issues by providing liquidity to lenders. In the absence of a developed secondary market an individual saver might be very unwilling to lend out money for long periods of time, except at rates of high interest too high to be attractive to borrowers. If the chances of making a sale when necessary are unacceptably low, no lender would commit funds. Therefore an active secondary market is essential for an active primary one. However, there is no guarantee that the lender will receive back in sale proceeds the full amount at the time they are sold, since markets fluctuate all the time, and prices are not constant. Secondary markets also contribute to the efficiency of the primary market by providing pricing information. In the share market, for example, the current prices of traded securities significantly reduce the problem of setting a price on new issues with similar risk profiles, and information from the secondary market will also influence the attitude of potential participants in primary markets. Figure 3.2 illustrates the connections between primary and secondary markets. Not all primary markets have secondary markets associated with them and some securities are issued for which there are no secondary markets

To Kill a Mocking Bird :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill A Mocking Bird To Kill a Mocking Bird is based in about 1935, right in the middle of the depression. It is set in a small town in Alabama called Maycomb. Maycomb, like most small southern towns, has a problem with widespread racism toward Negroes. The novel focuses on one family, the Finches. In the family there are three people, Scout, Jem and Atticus. Atticus is a lawyer and is defending a Negro man in court (Tom Robinson), something that was not often done in the south due to racism. Many people feel threatened by this and feel very resentful toward Atticus. Throughout the novel all the members of the Finches and many others display courage in their attempts to stand up for what they believe in. In the beginning of the novel we meet Jean Louise Finch, or Scout for short. Scout is an energetic little six year old. She still has her innocence and has not yet been able to understand the concepts of racial discrimination or hate. Scout is confused by what some of her classmates have been saying abou t her father, Atticus Finch. Many of her classmates call Atticus a nigger lover. Being only six Scout does not know how to handle such situations so she solves her problems by fighting. On the day that Tom Robinson was moved to the Maycomb jail to await his trial, Atticus left the house to go and sit outside of the jail to watch over Tom to make sure that nothing happens to him. Scout, Jem and Dill followed him there to make sure that nothing happened to him. Suddenly several cars pulled up at the jail. A mob got out of the vehicles and demanded that Atticus step aside so that they could get at Tom. Frightened the children came running to Atticus' side and asked him if everything was okay. Atticus told them to go home, but they refused. Suddenly, Scout saw a man that she knew, Mr. Cunningham. She said hi to him, twice before he acknowledged her. She began asking him questions about his entailments and talking about Walter, his son. At first he said nothing, Scout was afraid that she had done something wrong. Then finally he said something, he said that he would tell Walter that she said hey. After that, they all left. By singling out Mr. Cunningham she turned to mob into individuals and thus making them more aware as to what they were doing.

Tourism Botswana

Currently, Botswana has developed It's tourism Industry Into one that caters for the luxury traveler; offering high-end safaris and lavish accommodations. However, Botswana two mall economies are coming to a fork In the road and the ability to maintain the growth that their economy is experiencing will be directly determined by which path the country ultimately chooses. The Dilemma Diamonds, in truth, are not forever and analysts predict that Botswana diamond reserve will be significantly diminished in twenty years.With the huge profits that diamonds bring, Botswana focused its attention on the diamond industry and as result the economies lack of diversification is apparent. Botswana now needs o tackle this issue while there is still time to savor the benefits of the diamond industry and begin making the necessary preparations for Its eventual replacement. Tourism, It seems, Is the natural step for the country to take, but it does come with Its own challenges.Countries all over the w orld face a salary task; the struggle to find a balance between fostering a growing economy while both protecting and stalling the environment. If Botswana chooses to expand its tourism industry, there will be included, that will be the main attraction. In short, it is progression of the economy rears the preservation of the environment. Impacted Parties Ultimately, it is the wildlife and the landscape that will pay the highest price if an influx is tourism is too steep.As humans move further and further into untouched land, our mark is obvious; pollution, construction, and loss of habitat will occur. Conservation efforts will be important â€Å"Because tourism has a tendency to destroy or at least endanger its own assets, the protection and conservation of its natural environment is imperative† (BID). Conservation groups in Botswana will be eager to hear what measures will be taken to protect the environment.

Lorrana bobbit essays

Lorrana bobbit essays The Lorena Bobbitt story is one that really points out some of Freuds theories no the id and ego battles that go on inside a person head. Lorena the battered, abused, and many times raped wife of John Wayne Bobbitt, had just had enough of the way she was being by her husband so one night following the impulses of her id she cut off her husbands penis, ignoring her ego that helps a person behave within social norms. She said that she was thinking about all the things that her husband had done to her and that it drove her temporally insane and so she cut it off so he would leave her alone. The jury bought her story and she was acquitted. Are there times in our life when we are truly not responsible for the things we do? Or did the jury in this case just think John Wayne was a jerk that deserved it? We may never know for sure but there or other storys where people have clamed the same as Lorena and been charged lets look at a few. How about the time told crime of Lizzy Borden who took an axe and gave her mother forty wakes, when she saw what she had done she gave her father forty-one. She was never convicted of the crime but what could have caused her to do such a thing, did she like Lorena Bobbitt just get feed up with the way she was being treated? Can the way someone treats you even justify a violent act? According to the Bobbitt case it can. But lets look at a local case in the same realm; but that the courts did not allow the perpetrator go free. Two young boys playing on their Sony Play station, one boy gets mad that the other keeps beating him so, that night he takes a knife from his mothers kitchen and stabs the other boy repeatedly while he sleeps. Does this young boy fall under the same temporary insanity that Lorena did? Yes, according to his lawyer but no, according to the Jury. Maybe it depends on whether people can see doing it them self ...

History of the Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping

History of the Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping On the evening of March 1, 1932, famous aviator Charles Lindbergh and his wife put their 20-month-old baby, Charles (â€Å"Charlie†) Augustus Lindbergh Jr., to bed in his upstairs nursery. However, when Charlie’s nurse went to check on him at 10 pm, he was gone; someone had kidnapped him. News of the kidnapping shocked the world. While the Lindberghs were dealing with ransom notes that promised the safe return of their son, a truck driver stumbled upon the decomposing remains of little Charlie on May 12, 1932, in a shallow grave less than five miles from where he had been taken. Now looking for a murderer, the police, FBI, and other government agencies stepped up their manhunt. After two years, they caught Bruno Richard Hauptmann, who was convicted of first-degree murder and executed. Charles Lindbergh, American Hero Young, good looking, and shy, Charles Lindbergh made Americans proud when he was the first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in May 1927. His accomplishment, as well as his demeanor, endeared him to the public and he soon became one of the most popular people in the world. The dashing and popular young aviator didn’t stay single long. On a tour of Latin America in December 1927, Lindbergh met heiress Anne Morrow in Mexico, where her father was the U.S. ambassador. During their courtship, Lindbergh taught Morrow to fly and she eventually became Lindbergh’s co-pilot, helping him survey transatlantic air routes. The young couple married on May 27, 1929; Morrow was 23 and Lindbergh was 27. Their first child, Charles (â€Å"Charlie†) Augustus Lindbergh Jr., was born on June 22, 1930. His birth was publicized around the globe; the press called him â€Å"the Eaglet,† a nickname stemming from Lindbergh’s own moniker, â€Å"the Lone Eagle.† The Lindbergh’s New House The famous couple, now with a famous son, tried to escape the limelight by building a 20-room house in a secluded spot in the Sourland Mountains of central New Jersey, near the town of Hopewell. While the estate was being built, the Lindberghs stayed with Morrow’s family in Englewood, New Jersey, but when the house was nearing completion, they’d often stay the weekends at their new home.  Thus, it was an anomaly that the Lindberghs were still at their new home on Tuesday, March 1, 1932. Little Charlie had come down with a cold and so the Lindberghs had decided to stay rather than travel back to Englewood. Staying with the Lindberghs that night were a housekeeping couple and the baby’s nurse, Betty Gow. Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr, son of the American aviator, on his first birthday. A few months later he was kidnapped from his home and murdered. (Photo by BIPS/Getty Images) Events of the Kidnapping Little Charlie still had a cold when he went to bed that night on March 1, 1932 in his nursery on the second floor. Around 8 pm, his nurse went to check on him and all seemed well. Then around 10 pm, nurse Gow checked in on him again and he was gone. She rushed to tell the Lindberghs. After making a quick search of the house and not finding little Charlie, Lindbergh called the police. There were muddy footprints on the floor and the window to the nursery was wide open. Fearing the worst, Lindbergh grabbed his rifle and went out into the woods to look for his son. The police arrived and thoroughly searched the grounds. They found a homemade ladder believed to have been used to kidnap Charlie due to scrape marks on the outside of the house near the second-floor window. Also found was a ransom note on the nursery’s windowsill demanding $50,000 in return for the baby. The note warned Lindbergh there would be trouble if he involved the police. The note had misspellings and the dollar sign was placed after the ransom amount. Some of the misspellings, such as â€Å"the child is in gute care,† led the police to suspect a recent immigrant was involved in the kidnapping. A postcard from the kidnapper.The kidnapping of Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr, the eldest son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was one of the most highly publicized crimes of the 20th century. Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images The Liaison On March 9, 1932, a 72-year-old retired teacher from the Bronx named Dr. John Condon called the Lindberghs and claimed that he had written a letter to the Bronx Home News offering to act as an intermediary between Lindbergh and the kidnapper(s). According to Condon, the day after his letter was published, the kidnapper contacted him. Desperate to get his son back, Lindbergh allowed Condon to be his liaison and kept the police at bay. On April 2, 1932, Dr. Condon delivered the ransom money of gold certificates (serial numbers recorded by the police) to a man at St. Raymonds Cemetery, while Lindbergh waited in a nearby car. The man (known as Cemetery John) did not give the baby to Condon, but instead gave Condon a note revealing the babys location – on a boat called the Nelly, between Horseneck beach and Gay Head near Elizabeth Island. However, after a thorough search of the area, no boat was found, nor the baby. On May 12, 1932, a truck driver found the baby’s decomposed body in the woods a few miles from the Lindbergh estate. It was believed that the child had been dead since the night of the kidnapping; the baby’s skull was fractured. Police speculated that the kidnapper might have dropped the baby when he came down the ladder from the second floor. Kidnapper Captured For two years, the police and the FBI watched for serial numbers from the ransom money, providing the list of numbers to banks and stores. In September 1934, one of the gold certificates showed up at a gas station in New York. The gas attendant became suspicious since gold certificates had gone out of circulation the year before and the man purchasing gas had spent a $10 gold certificate to buy only 98 cents of gas. Worried that the gold certificate might be counterfeit, the gas attendant wrote down the license plate number of the car on the gold certificate and gave it to the police. When the police tracked down the car, they found that it belonged to Bruno Richard Hauptmann, an illegal German immigrant carpenter. Police ran a check on Hauptmann and found that Hauptmann had a criminal record in his hometown of Kamenz, Germany, where he had used a ladder to climb into the second-story window of a home to steal money and watches. Police searched Hauptmann’s home in the Bronx and found $14,000 of the Lindbergh ransom money hidden in his garage. Evidence Hauptmann was arrested on September 19, 1934, and tried for murder beginning on January 2, 1935. Evidence included the homemade ladder, which matched boards missing from Hauptmann’s attic floorboards; a writing sample that reportedly matched the writing on the ransom note; and a witness that claimed to have seen Hauptmann on the Lindbergh estate the day before the crime. Additionally, other witnesses claimed that Hauptmann gave them the ransomed bills at various businesses; Condon claimed to recognize Hauptmann as Cemetery John; and Lindbergh claimed to recognize Hauptmann’s German accent from the graveyard. Hauptmann took the stand, but his denials did not convince the court. On February 13, 1935, the jury convicted Hauptmann of first-degree murder. He was put to death by electric chair on April 3, 1936, for the murder of Charles A. Lindbergh Jr.

Macroenvironmental Impact on the Company Product Sales Essay

Macroenvironmental Impact on the Company Product Sales - Essay Example This is because they affect the sales of an item or service in one way or the other. Therefore, before Monster Corp launches Monster Gum in the market, it is imperative that it carries out an analysis on the impacts of microenvioronment on the sales of its product. The objective of this paper is to explore the microenviornmental components; demographic, environmental, economic and cultural factors will likely impact on the sales of â€Å"Monster Gum.† Demographics One area of particular interest with regard to market analysis is the demographics. This is refers to population trend study such as population size and movement; birth and death rates; gender, age and ethnic origin (Elearn 85). All these components that make up demographics will affect Monster Corp’s sales of the monster gum. For instance, the company is mainly targeting a specific age group in the society which is 18 to 30 years. This implies that as these group ages out, the sales of the product will likely reduce. In fact, it means that, in case this population age group is faced out, then the company will likely face a closure since the target age group will no longer be there to sell to. On the other hand, the company would likely to gain in areas with high population size of the age group that is targeted. Environment Environment in this case is described as macro and community level factors such as legal, physical, and policy factors that influence individuals and household decisions. Environment influences diet in many households (Hitchner 89). The impacts of caffeine on differ from one individual to the next. Therefore, so people would only prefer products that have no caffeine in them thus affecting the sales. On the other hand, health issues have become a major area of concern as many people become so sensitive to the diets. As a result, some individuals perceive caffeine to pose serious health issue and would, therefore, not want to consume. This affects the sales of the pro duct. Legal issue such as government policies may also affect the sale of the product. This can either be negative or positive. For instance, government assistance in the form of subsidies and loans may fledge the company grow and help it keep its costs low for customers. This will result to an increased sale of the product (Ginter and Duncan 96). However, the impact may also be negative in a situation where it imposes a regulation that increases costs. This will make the company adjust its prices up making the product expensive. This in turn, will scare away consumers who will find it better look for other substitutes that are cheaper thus, affecting the sales of monster gum. Economic Factors There are a number of economic factors that may impact on the company’s product sales. For instance, the growth of a country, unemployment, and the capacity to get funding are all economic factors, just as the exchange rates, interest rates, inflation and per capita income (Gimbert 51). These factors usually exist in the day-today operation of a company or business. For instance, the existence of high unemployment rate in a country will affect the purchasing power of individuals thus leading to a decreased sale of monster gum. High inflation and interest rates of in an economy will make Monster Corp adjust to the economic situation. However, the increase in prices due to increase in inflation and int